Osteoarthritis Definition:

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in one or more joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional impairment.

Causes:

The exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. Factors that may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis include:

• Age
• Genetics
• Obesity
• Joint injury or trauma
• Repetitive use of joints
• Joint deformities

Symptoms:

Common symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

• Joint pain, especially after activity or overuse
• Stiffness in the affected joint, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity
• Swelling or tenderness in the joint
• A decreased range of motion
• A sensation of grating or grinding in the joint

Treatment:

Treatment for osteoarthritis aims to relieve pain, improve joint function, and enhance quality of life. Common treatment options include:

• Non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., exercise, physical therapy, weight management)
• Pain medications (e.g., acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
• Topical creams or ointments
• Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid
• Surgery (e.g., joint replacement, arthroscopy)

Prevention:

While osteoarthritis cannot be completely prevented, certain measures may help reduce the risk of its development or slow its progression:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and support joint health
• Avoiding excessive repetitive joint movements or overuse
• Using protective gear during physical activities