Nearsightedness Definition
Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is a common vision condition characterized by the ability to see objects up-close clearly, while distant objects appear blurry or out of focus.
Causes
Nearsightedness typically occurs when the eyeball is slightly longer than normal or when the cornea (outer clear dome) is curved too steeply. These abnormalities prevent light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurred distance vision.
Symptoms
Individuals with nearsightedness may experience the following symptoms:
- Difficulty seeing distant objects clearly
- Squinting or straining to see far away
- Headaches or eyestrain
- Fatigue during activities requiring clear distance vision
Diagnosis
An eye care professional can diagnose nearsightedness through a comprehensive eye examination which may include:
- Visual acuity tests using an eye chart
- Refraction assessment to determine the lens prescription
- Measurement of eye length and corneal curvature
Treatments
Common treatment options for nearsightedness include:
- Eyeglasses with lenses that correct refractive errors
- Contact lenses, including soft, rigid gas permeable, or special designs for astigmatism
- Refractive surgery procedures, such as LASIK or PRK
Complications
If left uncorrected, nearsightedness may cause additional vision problems, including:
- Struggling with daily tasks, such as driving or reading road signs
- Squinting excessively, leading to headaches and strained eye muscles
- An increased risk of developing other eye conditions, such as glaucoma or retinal detachment