Ego Psychology:

1. Definition:

Ego psychology is a branch of psychoanalysis that focuses on the study of the ego, the central component of the personality responsible for managing reality-based tasks and mediating between the id and superego.

2. Key Concepts:

Ego psychology emphasizes the following key concepts:

• Ego: The ego is the rational and conscious part of the mind that develops through experiences, coping mechanisms, and interactions with the external world.
• Reality Testing: The ego’s ability to assess and adapt to the external environment, distinguishing between subjective wishes and objective reality.
• Defense Mechanisms: The ego’s protective strategies used to manage anxiety and conflicts between the id (primitive desires) and the superego (internalized moral standards).
• Adaptive Function: The ego’s role in facilitating healthy functioning by integrating conflicting psychological forces and maintaining a sense of reality.
• Primary Autonomy: The ego’s ability to act independently and make decisions based on reality rather than being driven solely by unconscious forces.
3. Contributors:

Ego psychology was developed and expanded upon by influential psychoanalysts, including Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, Ralph Greenson, and Erik Erikson.

4. Applications:

Ego psychology has contributed to various therapeutic techniques, such as ego-supportive psychotherapy and ego analysis, which aim to enhance ego functioning, strengthen the sense of self, and alleviate psychological distress.