Definition:

Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of physical, developmental, and behavioral abnormalities.

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Symptoms and Characteristics

SMS is typically associated with distinctive facial features, such as a broad forehead, deep-set eyes, a turned-up nose, and a prominent jaw. The syndrome also often presents with short stature, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss. Individuals with SMS may exhibit intellectual disability, delayed speech and language skills, and delays in motor milestones such as walking.

Cause and Genetics

SMS is caused by the deletion or mutation of a segment of chromosome 17, known as 17p11.2. This deletion affects the RAI1 gene responsible for normal growth and development. In most cases (90-95%), the syndrome occurs due to a de novo mutation, meaning it is not inherited from either parent. However, in rare cases, it can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Behavior and Psychological Traits

People with SMS often display behavioral problems, including self-injurious behaviors, aggression, impulsivity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They might also have anxiety and obsessive-compulsive tendencies. While these features can vary in severity, they contribute to the challenges faced by individuals with SMS and their families.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of SMS is typically confirmed through genetic testing, examining the RAI1 gene. However, clinical evaluation by a medical professional is crucial, considering the wide range of symptoms and characteristics associated with the syndrome. Early intervention and management of symptoms are important, including speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral interventions, and educational support.

Support and Outlook

Living with SMS can pose significant challenges for both the affected individuals and their families. However, with appropriate support and interventions, individuals with SMS can lead fulfilling lives. Support groups and organizations exist to provide valuable resources and assistance to improve the quality of life for individuals with SMS and their families.