The

Qualitative Method

is an approach used in social sciences and research methodology that focuses on collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to gain an in-depth understanding of social phenomena. This method emphasizes the quality of data and its interpretive nature rather than relying on statistical measurements or quantifiable variables.

Characteristics of Qualitative Method

• Subjectivity: Qualitative research acknowledges the involvement and subjectivity of the researcher, recognizing that their perspective may influence the interpretation of data.
• Contextual Understanding: This method emphasizes the importance of understanding the social, cultural, and historical context surrounding the phenomena being studied.
• Inductive Approach: Qualitative research often starts with specific observations and experiences, gradually building theories and generalizations based on these specific cases.
• Open-ended Data Collection: Researchers use various methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups to collect rich and detailed data, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the topic.
• Data Analysis: Qualitative data analysis involves coding, categorization, and interpretation of the collected data, resulting in themes and patterns that provide insights into the research question.

Advantages of Qualitative Method

• Depth of Understanding: Qualitative research allows researchers to gain a detailed understanding of complex social phenomena that cannot be easily measured using quantitative methods.
• Flexibility and Adaptability: Qualitative research methods can be adapted and modified during the research process, enabling researchers to explore emerging ideas and alter their approach accordingly.
• Rich Data: Qualitative research generates rich and descriptive data that captures the richness of human experiences, perceptions, and motivations.
• Contextualization: This method provides a holistic understanding by considering the social, cultural, and personal contexts in which phenomena occur.

Limitations of Qualitative Method

• Subjective Interpretation: The qualitative method is susceptible to subjectivity since interpretations heavily rely on the researchers’ biases and existing theoretical frameworks.
• Small Sample Size: Due to the in-depth nature of qualitative research, the sample size is often small, and as a result, findings may not be easily generalized.
• Time-Consuming: This research method can be time-consuming, as data collection and analysis require substantial time and effort to ensure quality and rigor.
• Lack of Generalizability: Since qualitative research focuses on specific cases, the findings may not be representative of the entire population or applicable to other contexts.