Racism is a belief in the inherent superiority or inferiority of certain races, which leads to discrimination, prejudice, and the denial of basic rights and opportunities to individuals based on their race or ethnicity. Primary racism refers to the overt and explicit acts of racism that are consciously perpetrated by individuals or groups. It manifests in the form of hate crimes, racial slurs, institutional discrimination, segregation, and other blatant forms of racial prejudice.

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an excessive sense of self-importance, a constant need for admiration, and a lack of empathy towards others. Secondary narcissism refers to the manifestation of narcissistic traits or behaviors within the context of societal structures, rather than on an individual level. This can occur when systems or institutions prioritize the needs, desires, and interests of a few at the expense of the well-being and rights of many, reinforcing and perpetuating a culture of self-centeredness, entitlement, and disregard for others.