Neurodevelopmental disorders refer to a group of conditions that impair the normal growth and development of the brain and nervous system. These disorders typically manifest in early childhood and persist throughout a person’s lifespan, causing significant impairments in various areas of functioning.

Subtypes of Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent challenges in social interaction, communication deficits, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and development.
• Specific Learning Disorders (SLD): SLD refers to a group of disorders that affect essential academic skills, including reading, writing, and mathematics. These difficulties occur despite adequate intelligence, educational opportunities, and general cognitive abilities.
• Intellectual Disability (ID): ID is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It affects individuals across various domains, including conceptual, social, and practical skills.
• Communication Disorders: Communication disorders involve difficulties in speech, language, and/or communication skills. These disorders include speech sound disorder, language disorder, and social communication disorder.
• Motor Disorders: Motor disorders encompass conditions that affect a person’s ability to coordinate and control their movements effectively. These disorders include developmental coordination disorder and stereotypic movement disorder.
• Tic Disorders: Tic disorders are characterized by the presence of sudden, repetitive, and non-rhythmic movements or vocalizations called tics. Examples include Tourette’s syndrome and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.