Muscle Dysmorphia:
Definition:
Muscle dysmorphia, also known as bigorexia or reverse anorexia, is a body dysmorphic disorder characterized by a distorted body image and an obsession with achieving a muscular physique.
Subtypes:
- Muscle Obsession: Individuals with muscle dysmorphia are preoccupied with the idea of being inadequately muscular, leading to excessive exercise and bodybuilding activities.
- Body Image Distortion: They perceive their bodies as being much smaller and weaker than they actually are, leading to distorted self-perception and negative body image.
- Compulsive Overexercising: People with muscle dysmorphia engage in excessive and compulsive exercise routines, often prioritizing them over other social, occupational, or personal activities.
- Anxious Avoidance: They may excessively avoid situations that could make their bodies appear small or weak, such as swimming or wearing revealing clothing.
- Dietary Rules and Restrictions: Individuals with muscle dysmorphia strictly adhere to specific dietary rules and restrictions, focusing on high-protein diets and obsessively counting calories.
Symptoms:
- Constant preoccupation with body image and muscularity
- Intense fear of being small or underdeveloped
- Excessive time spent exercising and weightlifting
- Dissatisfaction with one’s own muscularity, regardless of actual size
- Obsession with obtaining the “perfect” body
- Extreme anxiety and distress if unable to exercise or follow routine
- Neglecting other aspects of life due to the obsession with body size and shape
Treatment:
Treatment for muscle dysmorphia typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication (if necessary). Therapy aims to address distorted body image, promote healthy exercise habits, and manage any underlying psychological issues contributing to the disorder. Support groups and education about healthy body image and expectations may also be beneficial.