Definition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Description:

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness initially identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a novel coronavirus called the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belongs to the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus. MERS is known to be a zoonotic disease, meaning it is transmitted primarily from animals to humans.

Transmission:

The primary mode of transmission for MERS is through close contact with infected dromedary camels. However, human-to-human transmission can occur through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. MERS can spread easily in healthcare settings when proper infection prevention and control measures are not followed.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of MERS typically include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. Some individuals may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea. Severe cases can progress to pneumonia, kidney failure, and even death, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.

Prevention:

Currently, there is no vaccine available specifically for MERS. The best way to prevent MERS infection is to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and avoiding contact with dromedary camels or their bodily fluids.

Treatment:

There is no specific antiviral treatment for MERS. Supportive medical care is provided to manage symptoms and complications. Severely ill patients may require hospitalization and intensive care. Prompt medical attention and early identification of cases are crucial for improving the outcomes of MERS.

Global Impact:

MERS has mainly affected countries in the Arabian Peninsula, with occasional cases reported in other regions due to travel-related spread. While the number of cases reported has been relatively low, the high case fatality rate (around 35%) is a cause for concern. Ongoing surveillance and research are essential to better understand and control the spread of MERS.