Meperidine

Definition: Meperidine, also known by its brand name Demerol, is a synthetic opioid analgesic medication that is primarily used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It belongs to the class of drugs known as opioid agonists, which work by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system to reduce pain perception.

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Pharmacology

Meperidine acts as an agonist at the µ-opioid receptors in the brain, producing analgesic effects by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals. It also affects the m-opioid and k-opioid receptors, although its affinity for these receptors is lower compared to the µ-opioid receptor.

Uses

Meperidine is primarily used for the management of moderate to severe acute pain, such as postoperative pain, labor pain, or pain due to medical procedures. Its rapid onset of action makes it a valuable option for immediate pain relief.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Meperidine may include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and sweating. More serious side effects can occur, such as respiratory depression, urinary retention, confusion, or allergic reactions. Long-term use can lead to physical dependence and addiction.

Precautions

Meperidine should be used with caution in individuals who have a history of drug abuse or addiction, respiratory conditions, liver or kidney impairment, or seizure disorders. It may interact with other medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or serotonergic drugs, leading to potentially life-threatening reactions.

Withdrawal and Overdose

Sudden discontinuation or abrupt reduction of Meperidine dosage in individuals who are physically dependent on the drug can result in withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, sweating, tremors, and muscle aches. In case of overdose, symptoms can range from respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils to coma and even death.

Legal Status

Meperidine is a controlled substance in many countries due to its potential for abuse and addiction. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States.