Meninges

Meninges are a collection of three membranes that envelop and protect the brain and spinal cord, providing mechanical support and acting as a barrier against infections. These membranes are situated between the bony structures of the skull and vertebral column and the delicate neural tissue, acting as a cushioning layer.

Three Layers of the Meninges:

  1. Dura mater: The outermost layer, composed of tough, fibrous tissue. It provides strength and durability to protect the underlying structures.
  2. Arachnoid mater: The middle layer, resembling a spiderweb in appearance. It is a thin, avascular membrane that lies beneath the dura mater and helps to protect the brain and spinal cord.
  3. Pia mater: The innermost layer, adheres closely to the brain and spinal cord’s surface. It contains blood vessels that supply essential nutrients and oxygen to the neural tissue.

Functions of the Meninges:

  • Protection: The meninges act as a physical barrier, shielding the brain and spinal cord from external trauma and injury.
  • Cushioning: They provide a cushioning effect, absorbing shocks and preventing direct contact between the neural tissue and the hard bone structures.
  • Containment: The meninges enclose the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which circulates within the subarachnoid space. CSF helps in nutrient exchange, waste removal, and maintenance of a stable neural environment.
  • Immune defense: The meninges contribute to the immune defense of the central nervous system (CNS) by preventing the entry of pathogens and providing a platform for immune cells to combat potential infections.
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