Mammary Glands

Definition: Mammary glands are specialized sweat glands that are found in mammals and produce milk in females for nourishing their young offspring. These paired glands are primarily responsible for lactation and undergo significant changes during puberty, pregnancy, and throughout the reproductive cycle.

Anatomy of Mammary Glands

Lobes: Mammary glands consist of multiple lobes, which are further divided into lobules.

Lobules: Each lobe contains numerous lobules, which are small, glandular structures responsible for milk production.

Alveoli: Within lobules, alveoli are present and serve as small sac-like structures where milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells.

Ducts: Alveoli are connected to ducts, which transport milk towards the nipple, allowing it to be released for breastfeeding.

Function of Mammary Glands

Milk Production: The main function of mammary glands is to produce and secrete milk, which is essential for the nourishment and growth of newborn mammals.

Lactation: During pregnancy, mammary glands undergo extensive development to prepare for lactation. After giving birth, hormonal changes stimulate the mammary glands to start producing milk.

Immune Protection: Besides providing nutrition, mammary glands also supply the newborn with antibodies and immune cells through breast milk, enhancing their immune system and offering protection against various infections.

Parent-Infant Bonding: Breastfeeding facilitates emotional bonding between the mother and infant, promoting a sense of security and nurturing environment.

Hormonal Influence: The development and functioning of mammary glands are largely regulated by hormonal signals, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.