Lupus
Definition:
Lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation throughout the body. The immune system, which is meant to protect the body against foreign invaders, mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs, causing a wide range of symptoms.
Subtypes of Lupus
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE):
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus primarily affects the skin, causing rashes, sores, and lesions. It can be further divided into subtypes such as acute CLE, subacute CLE, and chronic CLE, each exhibiting different types of skin manifestations.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE):
Systemic lupus erythematosus is the most common and severe form of lupus. It affects multiple organs and systems, including joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, and blood cells. People with SLE often experience flare-ups and remissions of symptoms.
Drug-Induced Lupus:
Drug-induced lupus is a type of lupus that occurs as a side effect of certain medications. It typically resolves after discontinuing the offending drug.
Symptoms of Lupus
General symptoms of lupus may include:
- Fatigue
- Joint pain and swelling
- Fever
- Weight loss or gain
- Photosensitivity
- Mouth sores
- Hair loss
Specific symptoms vary based on affected organs:
- Kidneys: Proteinuria, hematuria
- Heart: Chest pain, irregular heartbeat
- Lungs: Shortness of breath, pleurisy
- Brain: Headaches, confusion, seizures
- Blood: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Treatment of Lupus
Treatment options often include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for managing pain and inflammation
- Corticosteroids to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation
- Immunosuppressive drugs to control the abnormal immune response
- Antimalarial drugs for certain lupus symptoms
It is important for individuals with lupus to work closely with healthcare professionals to tailor a treatment plan based on the severity of their symptoms and the organs involved.