Definition:
Light and Shadows are phenomena that occur when an object obstructs the path of light, resulting in the presence or absence of darkness in certain areas.

Light

Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that allows us to see objects. It consists of tiny particles called photons, which travel in straight lines and at incredible speeds. When light rays from a source, such as the sun or a lamp, encounter an object, they can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through it.

Shadows

A shadow is an area where light is blocked by an opaque object. When an object obstructs the path of light, it creates an absence of light behind it, resulting in the formation of a shadow on a surface. Shadows can vary in size, shape, and intensity, depending on the position and intensity of the light source as well as the characteristics of the object casting the shadow.

Key Concepts

Opacity: The opacity of an object determines its ability to block or transmit light. Opaque objects, such as walls or books, block most or all of the light, resulting in a clearly defined shadow. Transparent or translucent objects allow most of the light to pass through, resulting in less distinct or faint shadows.

Light Source: A light source is an object that emits light. It can be natural, like the sun, or artificial, such as a light bulb or a candle. The position, intensity, and direction of the light source affect the size, direction, and darkness of the shadow.

Angle of Incidence: The angle at which light rays hit an object influences the shape and length of the shadow. When the light source is low, nearer to the horizon, longer shadows are formed as the light rays have to travel a greater distance to reach the object and the surface where the shadow is cast.

Penumbra and Umbra: Shadows consist of two main parts: the umbra and the penumbra. The umbra is the central dark part of the shadow, where all light is blocked by the object. The penumbra is the lighter, surrounding area where only some of the light is obstructed, resulting in a partially shaded region.