Levels of Processing:

The levels of processing theory is a cognitive theory proposed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972 that explains how information is processed and encoded in memory based on the depth of processing.

Shallow processing:

Shallow processing refers to the superficial encoding of information where a person only pays attention to the physical and sensory features of stimuli, leading to less meaningful and short-lived memories.

Intermediate processing:

Intermediate processing involves a deeper level of encoding where individuals focus on the auditory or visual characteristics of stimuli and make connections or associations with existing knowledge, enabling better memory retention.

Deep processing:

Deep processing entails the most elaborate and meaningful level of encoding where a person engages in in-depth analysis, comprehension, and semantic processing of information, leading to the creation of stronger and more enduring memories.

Elaboration:

Elaboration is a key process in deep processing that involves making connections between new information and existing knowledge, reinforcing memory formation through the activation of semantic networks.

Retrieval cues:

Retrieval cues are stimuli or cues that serve as triggers to facilitate the retrieval of previously encoded and stored information from long-term memory.