Definition:
Legasthenia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulties in acquiring and processing written language, despite having average or above-average intelligence and adequate educational opportunities. It is commonly referred to as dyslexia and affects the individual’s ability to read, spell, write, and sometimes comprehend written texts.
Subtypes of Legasthenia:
Dysphonetic Dyslexia:
This subtype of legasthenia primarily affects the individual’s ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, leading to difficulties in mapping these sounds to their corresponding written symbols. Individuals with dysphonetic dyslexia may struggle with phonemic awareness and phonological decoding.
Dyseidetic Dyslexia:
Dyseidetic dyslexia, also known as visual dyslexia, primarily affects the individual’s visual processing and recognition of written words. Those with dyseidetic dyslexia may struggle with sight-word recognition, visual tracking, and discriminating between similar letters or words.
Mixed Legasthenia:
Mixed legasthenia involves a combination of both dysphonetic and dyseidetic dyslexia symptoms. Individuals with this subtype may experience difficulties in both phonological decoding and visual word recognition.
Symptoms of Legasthenia:
Common symptoms associated with legasthenia (dyslexia) include:
- Difficulty reading and recognizing words
- Poor spelling and frequent spelling errors
- Struggles with phonological awareness
- Difficulty comprehending written texts
- Slow reading speed and fluency
- Mixing up letter order and letter substitutions
- Difficulty with handwriting and letter formation
- Challenges in expressing thoughts in writing
Treatment and Support:
Although legasthenia is a lifelong condition, individuals with dyslexia can benefit from targeted interventions, accommodations, and support. Common strategies for managing legasthenia include:
- Structured literacy programs
- Multisensory teaching methods
- Assistive technology and tools
- Audiobooks and speech-to-text software
- Individualized education plans (IEPs)
- Speech and language therapy
- Psychological support and counseling
- Building self-esteem and self-advocacy skills
It is important for individuals with legasthenia to receive early intervention and ongoing support to help them overcome challenges, develop coping strategies, and reach their full potential in academic and personal pursuits.