Junk science refers to false or questionable scientific data, research, or analysis that lacks proper methodology, quality control, or scientific consensus.

It is often characterized by:

• Exaggerated Claims: Promoting conclusions that are not supported by reliable evidence or are magnified out of proportion.
• Selective Use of Data: Cherry-picking data that supports a predetermined outcome while disregarding contradictory evidence.
• Flawed Methodology: Employing faulty experimental design, biased sampling, or improper statistical analysis.
• Lack of Peer Review: Failing to undergo thorough scrutiny by qualified experts in the field.
• Promotion of Personal or Political Agendas: Using so-called scientific studies to advance specific ideologies or self-interests.
• Resistance to Rebuttal: Dismissing criticism, conflicting research, or the scientific consensus without valid justifications.