Definition:
The Jigsaw Classroom is a cooperative learning technique developed by social psychologist Elliot Aronson in 1971. It is designed to promote mutual interdependence among students and foster positive intergroup relations within diverse classrooms.
How It Works:
The Jigsaw Classroom divides students into small groups, usually with 5-6 members, and assigns each member a unique piece of information or topic related to the learning material. These subtopics are intentionally interconnected to form a complete picture when combined. Students become experts in their assigned area and then regroup with members from other teams who studied the same subtopics. In these mixed groups, each student takes turns teaching their segment to others, fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing.
Objectives:
The Jigsaw Classroom serves several educational objectives:
- Promoting cooperation and reducing competition among students
- Enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills
- Fostering empathy and understanding among students from different backgrounds
- Encouraging active engagement and participation
- Developing communication and presentation abilities
Benefits:
The Jigsaw Classroom technique offers various benefits:
- Increased motivation and interest in learning
- Improved retention and comprehension of material
- Greater appreciation of diverse perspectives and cultures
- Enhanced social skills and collaborative abilities
- Reduced prejudice and stereotyping
Applications:
The Jigsaw Classroom has been successfully implemented across numerous academic disciplines and grade levels. It is particularly useful in subjects that involve complex concepts, interdisciplinary connections, or open-ended discussions. It is widely employed in K-12 education, higher education, and professional training settings.