Definition:

Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to an excess of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down. Typically, the liver processes and eliminates bilirubin from the body. However, in cases of jaundice, the liver is unable to effectively handle bilirubin, leading to its accumulation in various tissues.

Causes:

There are several underlying causes of jaundice which include:

• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver due to viral infection (Hepatitis A, B, C, etc.)
• Alcoholic Liver Disease: Excessive alcohol consumption leading to liver damage
• Obstruction: Blockage of bile ducts by gallstones or tumors
• Liver Cirrhosis: Scarring of the liver tissue caused by long-term liver damage and dysfunction
• Medications: Certain drugs or medications can impair liver function and cause jaundice

Symptoms:

The common symptoms of jaundice include:

• Yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
• Pale stools
• Dark urine
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting

Treatment:

Treatment for jaundice aims to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms. Depending on the severity and cause, treatment options may include:

• Medications to reduce inflammation or treat infections
• Lifestyle changes such as abstaining from alcohol or maintaining a healthy diet
• Management of liver-related complications
• Surgical intervention for bile duct obstructions or liver transplantation in severe cases

It is important for individuals experiencing symptoms of jaundice to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.