IUD – Intrauterine Device
An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped contraceptive device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is made of flexible plastic with a copper or hormone-releasing coating.
Types of IUDs
There are two main types of IUDs:
- Copper IUD: Also known as a non-hormonal IUD, it releases copper ions into the uterus, which immobilize sperm and prevent fertilization.
- Hormonal IUD: This type of IUD releases progestin, a synthetic hormone, which thickens cervical mucus, inhibits ovulation, and thins the uterine lining to prevent implantation.
How it Works
When inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider, an IUD provides long-term contraception. It works by:
- Preventing sperm from reaching the egg
- Inhibiting fertilization
- Changing the uterine lining to make it less receptive to implantation
Benefits of IUDs
IUDs have several advantages:
- Highly effective contraception
- Long-lasting protection (up to 3-12 years, depending on the type)
- Convenient and hassle-free (once inserted, no daily maintenance is required)
- Can be easily removed if pregnancy is desired
Potential Side Effects
While IUDs are generally safe, they can have some side effects, including:
- Cramping or discomfort during and after insertion
- Irregular bleeding or spotting
- Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) during the first few weeks after insertion (rare)
- Perforation of the uterus during insertion (extremely rare)
Effectiveness
IUDs are one of the most effective forms of contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1%.
Consultation and Insertion
If you are considering an IUD as a contraceptive method, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your individual circumstances and provide proper guidance. The insertion procedure is typically performed by a healthcare professional.