IUD – Intrauterine Device

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped contraceptive device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is made of flexible plastic with a copper or hormone-releasing coating.

Types of IUDs

There are two main types of IUDs:

  1. Copper IUD: Also known as a non-hormonal IUD, it releases copper ions into the uterus, which immobilize sperm and prevent fertilization.
  2. Hormonal IUD: This type of IUD releases progestin, a synthetic hormone, which thickens cervical mucus, inhibits ovulation, and thins the uterine lining to prevent implantation.

How it Works

When inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider, an IUD provides long-term contraception. It works by:

  • Preventing sperm from reaching the egg
  • Inhibiting fertilization
  • Changing the uterine lining to make it less receptive to implantation

Benefits of IUDs

IUDs have several advantages:

  • Highly effective contraception
  • Long-lasting protection (up to 3-12 years, depending on the type)
  • Convenient and hassle-free (once inserted, no daily maintenance is required)
  • Can be easily removed if pregnancy is desired

Potential Side Effects

While IUDs are generally safe, they can have some side effects, including:

  • Cramping or discomfort during and after insertion
  • Irregular bleeding or spotting
  • Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) during the first few weeks after insertion (rare)
  • Perforation of the uterus during insertion (extremely rare)

Effectiveness

IUDs are one of the most effective forms of contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

Consultation and Insertion

If you are considering an IUD as a contraceptive method, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your individual circumstances and provide proper guidance. The insertion procedure is typically performed by a healthcare professional.