Ischemic Stroke
Definition:
Ischemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction, is a type of stroke that occurs when an artery supplying blood to the brain becomes blocked or narrowed, leading to a deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. This blockage is often caused by the formation of a blood clot, or due to atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) within the arterial walls.
Causes:
1. Blood Clots:
Ischemic strokes caused by blood clots usually occur within the brain’s blood vessels. A thrombus, a clot that forms locally within an artery, or an embolus, a clot that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, can prevent blood flow to brain cells.
2. Atherosclerosis:
In some cases, the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels can be attributed to atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque comprised of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances along the arterial walls.
Symptoms:
1. Sudden Weakness or Numbness:
One-sided weakness or numbness, especially in the face, arm, or leg, is a common symptom of ischemic stroke.
2. Trouble Speaking or Understanding:
Difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or problems comprehending speech and language are often observed in individuals experiencing an ischemic stroke.
3. Impaired Vision:
Ischemic strokes can result in sudden vision loss, blurred vision, or peripheral vision problems in one or both eyes.
Treatment:
1. Thrombolytic Therapy:
If detected early, treatment may involve the administration of thrombolytic drugs that can dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow to the affected area of the brain.
2. Mechanical Thrombectomy:
In some cases, a procedure called mechanical thrombectomy may be performed to physically remove the blood clot obstructing the artery, usually utilizing a catheter inserted through a blood vessel in the groin.