Infective Endocarditis:

Definition:

Infective endocarditis is a serious infection of the lining of the heart chambers (endocardium) and heart valves caused by bacteria or other infectious agents.

Subtypes:

• Acute infective endocarditis: This subtype develops rapidly and progresses quickly, leading to severe symptoms and potential complications. It requires urgent medical attention.
• Subacute infective endocarditis: This subtype occurs more gradually, with milder symptoms that may be present for weeks or even months before diagnosis. It typically has a slower progression and fewer severe complications.

Causes:

• Bacterial infective endocarditis: This is the most common cause and typically occurs when bacteria from another part of the body, such as the mouth or skin, enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged heart valves or heart tissue.
• Fungal infective endocarditis: Less common than bacterial infections, this type is often seen in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who have undergone certain medical procedures or surgeries.
• Other infectious agents: In rare cases, infective endocarditis can be caused by certain viruses, parasites, or other microorganisms.

Symptoms:

• Fever and chills
• Unexplained fatigue and weakness
• Heart murmur
• Shortness of breath
• Joint and muscle pain
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Blood in urine
• Swelling in the feet, legs, or abdomen

Treatment:

Treatment for infective endocarditis typically involves a combination of antibiotics to eliminate the infection, along with possible surgical intervention to repair or replace damaged heart valves or remove infected tissue. The specific treatment approach depends on the severity of the infection, the causative agent, and any associated complications.