Definition:

Infarction refers to the death of a tissue or organ caused by a sudden inadequate blood supply, leading to the deprivation of oxygen and nutrients necessary for the survival of the affected tissues.

Subtypes of Infarction:

There are several subtypes of infarction:

  • 1. Myocardial Infarction (MI): Also known as a heart attack, this occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot or plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.
  • 2. Cerebral Infarction: Commonly referred to as a stroke, this occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is interrupted, leading to tissue death and potential neurological impairments.
  • 3. Pulmonary Infarction: This occurs when a blood clot or other material blocks the blood flow to the lungs, resulting in tissue death and potentially compromising lung function.
  • 4. Renal Infarction: Characterized by the interruption of blood supply to the kidney, renal infarction can lead to kidney damage or failure if not promptly treated.
  • 5. Intestinal Infarction: Occurring when blood supply to the intestines is cut off, intestinal infarction can cause severe abdominal pain, tissue death, and digestive complications.

Causes of Infarction:

Infarctions can be caused by various factors, including:

  • 1. Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, obstructing the blood flow.
  • 2. Embolism: Lodging of an embolus (a detached blood clot, air bubble, or foreign object) within a blood vessel, hindering proper blood circulation.
  • 3. Arterial Spasm: Sudden constriction or narrowing of an artery, reducing blood supply to the affected area.
  • 4. Atherosclerosis: Accumulation of plaque within the arterial walls, narrowing the blood vessels and impeding blood flow.
  • 5. Ischemia: Insufficient blood supply due to reduced blood flow or constriction of blood vessels.

Symptoms and Treatment:

The symptoms and treatment for infarction vary depending on the affected organ or tissue. However, common signs may include:

  • 1. Severe pain or discomfort in the affected area.
  • 2. Loss of function or sensation in the affected organ or body part.
  • 3. Paleness or discoloration of the skin.
  • 4. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
  • 5. Rapid heartbeat or irregular pulse.

Prompt medical intervention is crucial to minimize tissue damage and improve the chances of a successful recovery. Treatment may involve reestablishing blood flow, managing pain, addressing underlying causes, or surgical procedures depending on the severity and location of the infarction.