Inclusive Fitness Theory:

Definition:

Inclusive Fitness Theory, also known as Hamilton’s rule, is a concept in evolutionary biology that explains how an individual’s genetic success can be increased through promoting the reproductive success of relatives, taking into account the effects on both their direct and indirect fitness.

Subtitles:

  1. Evolutionary Concept:

    2. Inclusive Fitness Theory is an evolutionary concept that aims to explain the underlying mechanisms behind altruistic behavior and kin selection.

  2. Hamilton’s Rule:

    3. The theory is also referred to as Hamilton’s rule, named after William D. Hamilton, who formulated the mathematical equation that quantifies the conditions under which altruistic traits can be favored by natural selection.

  3. Genetic Success:

    4. It posits that an individual’s genetic success is not solely determined by their own reproductive success, but also influenced by the reproductive success of related individuals carrying similar genes. This expands the concept of fitness beyond an individual’s direct offspring.

  4. Direct and Indirect Fitness:

    5. The theory distinguishes between an individual’s direct fitness, which is the reproductive success achieved through personal reproduction, and their indirect fitness, which is the reproductive success achieved through the enhanced reproduction of relatives.

  5. Altruistic Behavior:

    6. Inclusive Fitness Theory helps explain the evolutionary advantages of altruistic behavior, where individuals may sacrifice their own fitness for the benefit of their relatives, thus increasing the inclusive fitness of their shared genes.

  6. Kin Selection:

    7. It provides a framework for understanding kin selection, which is the preferential helping or cooperation towards genetically related individuals. By indirectly benefiting shared genetic material, an organism can improve its own fitness.