Definition:

In the context of human health and functioning, impairment refers to any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.

Types of Impairments:

• Physical Impairment: Physical impairments are limitations in physical strength, mobility, coordination, or absence of certain body parts. They can include conditions such as paralysis, amputation, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.
• Sensory Impairment: Sensory impairments involve deficiencies in one or more of the senses, including vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Examples include blindness, deafness, or color blindness.
• Cognitive Impairment: Cognitive impairments refer to limitations in intellectual functioning, memory, attention, problem-solving, or communication skills. Conditions like dementia, autism spectrum disorders, or traumatic brain injury can cause cognitive impairments.
• Psychological Impairment: Psychological impairments encompass mental health disorders that affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, behavior, or overall mental well-being. Conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder fall under this category.
• Developmental Impairment: Developmental impairments occur when a person’s physical, cognitive, or emotional development significantly lags behind typical milestones. Examples include intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, or fetal alcohol syndrome.

Impact of Impairment:

Impairments can impact an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living, participate in social interactions, engage in work or educational tasks, and experience an overall quality of life. The severity and specific challenges vary depending on the type and extent of the impairment.