Definition of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain.

Causes

• Obstruction: Hydrocephalus can occur when there is a blockage in the flow of CSF, preventing its normal drainage. This obstruction can result from various factors such as congenital malformations, tumors, infections, or bleeding in the brain.
• Impaired CSF absorption: In some cases, the brain may fail to reabsorb CSF properly, leading to its accumulation and the subsequent development of hydrocephalus. This impairment can be due to injuries, infections, or certain medical conditions.

Symptoms

The presence of hydrocephalus can give rise to a range of symptoms, which may vary depending on the age of the individual:

• Infants: In infants, symptoms may include an abnormally enlarged head, a tense or bulging fontanelle (soft spot), vomiting, irritability, sleepiness, and poor feeding.
• Children and adults: Older individuals may experience symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, blurred or double vision, difficulty in walking or maintaining balance, cognitive impairments, and urinary incontinence.

Treatment

Treatment for hydrocephalus typically involves surgically implanting a device known as a shunt. This shunt helps redirect the excess CSF from the brain to another body cavity (usually the abdominal cavity) where it can be absorbed and eliminated by the body. In some cases, endoscopic procedures may be used to assist in the management of hydrocephalus.

Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for individuals diagnosed with hydrocephalus to ensure the proper functioning of the shunt and to address any potential complications.