Homozygous

Homozygous refers to the genetic condition in which an individual inherits two copies of the same allele for a specific gene.

Definition and Explanation

In genetics, alleles are alternate forms of a gene that can exist at a specific location on a chromosome. Homozygosity occurs when an individual carries two identical alleles, either dominant or recessive, for a particular gene. One allele is inherited from each parent.

Types of Homozygosity

Homozygosity can be categorized into three types:

1. Homozygous Dominant (AA): Both alleles inherited from the parents are dominant.
2. Homozygous Recessive (aa): Both alleles inherited from the parents are recessive.
3. Homozygous Compound Heterozygous (Aa): Both alleles inherited from the parents are different, but both are recessive.

Significance in Genetics

Homozygosity plays a crucial role in determining the expression of genetic traits. In some cases, it can lead to genetic disorders when both alleles harbor deleterious mutations. Homozygous individuals for a specific gene are often used in genetic studies to study the effects of that gene on various characteristics or diseases.