Definition:
A hemispherectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which one cerebral hemisphere (half of the brain) is either partially or completely removed or disconnected from the remaining brain tissue.
Subtypes:
There are two subtypes of hemispherectomy:
- Anatomical hemispherectomy: This involves the removal of one entire cerebral hemisphere.
- Functional hemispherectomy: Instead of removing the hemisphere, this subtype disconnects it from the healthy hemisphere to reduce seizure activity.
Indications:
Hemispherectomy is typically considered as a treatment option for severe cases of epilepsy or other brain disorders that do not respond to medication.
Procedure:
The procedure involves making an incision in the scalp, removing a portion of the skull, and accessing the affected hemisphere of the brain. The surgeon then disconnects or removes the targeted cerebral tissue, while ensuring the vital functions of the brain are not compromised.
Recovery and Rehabilitation:
After a hemispherectomy, the remaining hemisphere of the brain gradually takes over the functions of the removed or disconnected hemisphere. Rehabilitation, including physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, may be required to help the patient regain lost skills or adapt to changes in brain function.
Potential Risks and Complications:
Like any surgical procedure, hemispherectomy carries certain risks and potential complications, including infection, bleeding, stroke, and changes in cognitive or motor abilities.
Long-term Outlook:
Hemispherectomy can significantly reduce or eliminate seizures in many cases, leading to improved quality of life and functional outcomes for individuals with severe brain disorders.