Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy Definition:

Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy, also known as celiac disease, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an inflammatory reaction to gluten consumption. It primarily affects the small intestine, causing damage to the lining and interfering with nutrient absorption.

Subtypes:

– Classic celiac disease: This subtype presents with typical symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and malnutrition.
– Non-classic celiac disease: This subtype displays atypical or extraintestinal symptoms, including dermatitis herpetiformis, anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders.
– Asymptomatic/subclinical celiac disease: This subtype lacks apparent symptoms but may still exhibit intestinal damage and increased antibody levels.

Causes:

Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy occurs due to an abnormal reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The immune system of affected individuals perceives gluten as a threat and responds by attacking the small intestine, leading to inflammation and mucosal damage.

Diagnosis:

– Serology testing: Blood tests for specific antibodies (e.g., anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-endomysial) can aid in diagnosing celiac disease.
– Intestinal biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the small intestine to assess the extent of damage and confirm the diagnosis.
– Genetic testing: Detecting specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes linked to celiac disease can rule out or support the diagnosis.

Treatment:

– Gluten-free diet: The primary treatment for Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet for life, which involves avoiding all gluten-containing foods and products.
– Nutritional support: Nutrient deficiencies are common in celiac disease, so supplements or dietary adjustments may be necessary.

Complications:

– Nutrient deficiencies: Malabsorption of nutrients can lead to deficiencies in iron, calcium, vitamin D, and other essential vitamins and minerals.
– Osteoporosis: Reduced calcium absorption may result in weakened bones and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
– Dermatitis herpetiformis: This itchy skin rash is associated with celiac disease and requires additional treatment and management.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance in managing Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy.