Glucagon Definition:

Glucagon is a hormone that is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels.

Function:

Glucagon functions primarily by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This process, known as glycogenolysis, increases blood sugar levels, especially during periods of fasting or when the body requires extra energy.

Regulation:

The secretion of glucagon is regulated by various factors, most notably blood glucose levels. When blood sugar levels decrease, such as during prolonged fasting or strenuous exercise, the pancreas releases glucagon to raise blood glucose levels back to normal.

Counterbalance to Insulin:

Glucagon and insulin work together to maintain blood sugar homeostasis. While insulin helps lower blood glucose by facilitating glucose uptake into cells, glucagon acts as its counterbalance, preventing hypoglycemia by stimulating glucose release from the liver.

Medical Applications:

Glucagon has important therapeutic uses. It is administered in emergency situations to treat severe hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. Additionally, it is used during medical imaging procedures to relax the muscles of the stomach, intestines, and esophagus.