Gigantism

Gigantism, also known as giantism, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive growth and abnormal height. It usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, before the closure of the growth plates in long bones.

Causes

Gigantism is primarily caused by an overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland. This can be the result of a non-cancerous tumor called adenoma in the pituitary gland, which stimulates the excessive secretion of GH.

Symptoms

The main symptom of gigantism is an accelerated growth rate leading to abnormally tall stature. Other common symptoms may include enlarged hands, feet, and facial features, as well as joint pain, heart problems, delayed puberty, and increased perspiration.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of gigantism is typically made based on physical examination, medical history, measurement of growth parameters, and hormone level tests. Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be conducted to identify any abnormalities in the pituitary gland.

Treatment

Treatment options for gigantism involve managing excessive growth hormone levels and addressing the underlying cause. This often includes surgery to remove the pituitary tumor, radiation therapy, or medications to suppress GH production. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to ensure optimal growth and development.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate intervention, individuals with gigantism can lead healthy lives and achieve a normal lifespan. However, if left untreated, gigantism can lead to various complications like bone and joint problems, cardiovascular issues, and reduced life expectancy.