Gastroduodenal Ulcer:
- Definition:
A gastroduodenal ulcer, also known as a peptic ulcer, is an open sore that forms in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). It occurs when the protective mucus layer of the stomach and duodenum is weakened or damaged, allowing stomach acid to erode the tissues beneath it.
- Symptoms:
Common symptoms of a gastroduodenal ulcer include abdominal pain or discomfort, often described as a burning or gnawing sensation, particularly between meals and during the night. Other signs may include nausea, vomiting, bloating, unintentional weight loss, and bloody or dark stools in severe cases.
- Causes:
Gastroduodenal ulcers are primarily caused by a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs can disrupt the normal balance of gastric acid and protective mucus in the stomach and duodenum, leading to ulcer formation.
- Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of a gastroduodenal ulcer usually involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, barium swallow, or H. pylori testing through breath, blood, or stool samples.
- Treatment:
Treatment options for gastroduodenal ulcers may include medication to reduce stomach acid production, antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, antacids or acid blockers for symptom relief, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery if complications arise or other treatments fail.
- Complications:
Without appropriate treatment, gastroduodenal ulcers can lead to complications like bleeding, perforation (the formation of a hole), and gastric outlet obstruction (blockage of food passage from the stomach to the small intestine). These complications require immediate medical attention.