Definition:

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is a physiological measurement technique that assesses the electrical conductance of the skin, primarily as a response to emotional or psychological arousal. It is also commonly referred to as Electrodermal Activity (EDA), Skin Conductance Response (SCR), or Skin Conductance Level (SCL).

Explanation:

GSR measures the changes in the electrical properties of the skin due to the sweat gland activity. The skin acts as a conductor, and when an individual experiences heightened emotional states (such as fear, stress, excitement, or anxiety), the sweat glands become more active, leading to an increase in the skin’s electrical conductance.

Measurement Process:

GSR is typically measured using two electrodes placed on the skin, usually on the fingers or palm. These electrodes, known as psychogalvanic or electrodermal sensors, pass a small, harmless electrical current through the skin. The resistance encountered by this current is measured, which reflects the skin conductance.

Applications:

GSR is widely used in various fields, including psychology, neuroscience, and market research, to assess emotional responses and arousal levels. It helps in understanding emotional states, stress levels, and the autonomic nervous system’s activity. GSR is also used in polygraph tests (lie detector tests) to detect physiological changes associated with deception.