Gait

Gait refers to the specific manner or style of walking or running adopted by an individual.

Overview

Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs and the whole body during locomotion. It includes the stride length, step width, cadence, and other characteristics that determine how a person walks or runs.

Importance

Gait analysis is important in evaluating the biomechanics of walking or running, identifying abnormalities or deviations from normal patterns, and diagnosing and treating various musculoskeletal disorders or injuries.

Gait Components

A person’s gait can be broken down into different components:

• Stride length: The distance covered with one complete cycle of stepping.
• Step width: The lateral distance between the midpoint of the heel of one foot and the midpoint of the heel of the opposite foot.
• Cadence: The rate at which steps are taken per unit of time, usually measured in steps per minute.
• Swing phase: The portion of the gait cycle when the foot is not in contact with the ground and is swinging forward.
• Stance phase: The portion of the gait cycle when the foot is in contact with the ground.

Gait Abnormalities

Abnormalities in gait can be indicative of underlying conditions or impairments. Some common gait abnormalities include:

• Antalgic gait: A protective gait pattern adopted due to pain, with shortened stance phase on the affected side.
• Ataxic gait: Unsteady, poorly coordinated gait typically seen in individuals with neurological disorders.
• Spastic gait: Stiff, jerky movements of the legs and feet caused by increased muscle tone, often associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis.
• Trendelenburg gait: A characteristic gait pattern where the pelvis drops on the unsupported side during the stance phase due to weakness in the hip abductor muscles.

Gait Analysis

Gait analysis involves assessing various aspects of an individual’s gait to identify any abnormalities or deviations. It can be performed through visual observation, instrumented measurement systems, or a combination of both. The information obtained from gait analysis helps in planning appropriate interventions, designing assistive devices, and monitoring the progress of rehabilitation.