Functional fixedness refers to a cognitive bias that limits an individual’s ability to see an object or problem beyond its traditional or intended use. It is a type of mental rigidity where the person becomes fixated on the common functions of an object and fails to recognize other possible uses or ways to solve a problem.

Individuals experiencing functional fixedness often struggle to think creatively and tend to approach problem-solving in a more narrow-minded manner. Their preconceived notions about an object’s purpose inhibit them from exploring alternative solutions or thinking outside the box.

• A person trying to fasten a piece of paper to a wall might immediately think of using a thumbtack, ignoring the possibility of using sticky tape or magnets as alternatives.
• When facing a broken chair leg, someone with functional fixedness may only consider repairing it with glue, disregarding the option of using a splint or other creative repairs.
• In problem-solving tasks, individuals with functional fixedness often struggle to see objects beyond their conventional functions, limiting their ability to generate innovative or unconventional solutions.

Understanding functional fixedness is important as it helps explain why individuals may get stuck in their problem-solving techniques or fail to think creatively. By recognizing this cognitive bias, individuals can actively work to overcome it, leading to increased flexibility in problem-solving and the ability to see beyond the obvious uses of objects.