Definition

The frontal cortex, also known as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is a region of the brain that is located at the frontmost part of the cerebral cortex. It plays a crucial role in high-level cognitive functions and is responsible for complex mental processes such as decision-making, planning, problem-solving, and social behavior.

Structure

The frontal cortex consists of two hemispheres, the left and the right, and is situated just behind the forehead. It is divided into several areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, each having distinct functional characteristics.

Functions

The frontal cortex is involved in a wide range of cognitive and executive functions. It plays a vital role in controlling impulses, managing emotions, and regulating behavior. Additionally, it is responsible for attentional processes, working memory, and reasoning abilities. The frontal cortex is also implicated in social cognition, allowing individuals to understand and respond appropriately to social cues and norms.

Importance

The frontal cortex is often considered the center of higher cognitive functioning, as it enables us to engage in complex problem-solving, make informed decisions, and exhibit appropriate social behavior. It is crucial for adaptive behavior, goal-directed activities, and the ability to plan and execute actions towards achieving desired outcomes.