Fallopian Tubes

Definition: The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of narrow tubes lined with ciliated epithelial cells that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system.

Function:

Ovum Transport: The primary function of fallopian tubes is to transport mature eggs, or ova, from the ovaries to the uterus. Once released from the ovary during ovulation, the ovum is swept into the fallopian tube by the rhythmic beating of cilia lining the tube’s inner walls.

Fertilization Site: Fallopian tubes provide the ideal environment for the meeting of sperm and egg, facilitating fertilization. Fertilization typically occurs within the first third of the fallopian tube, where sperm can meet the egg and initiate the process of conception.

Embryo Transport: In the event of successful fertilization, the resulting embryo moves through the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Tiny hair-like structures called cilia, along with muscular contractions within the tube, help propel the embryo forward, ensuring its timely arrival in the uterus for implantation.

Anatomy:

Structure: Each fallopian tube is about 10-13 centimeters long and consists of several segments including the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus. The infundibulum is fringed with finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help to collect the released egg from the ovary. The ampulla is the widest part of the fallopian tube and is where fertilization commonly takes place. The isthmus connects the ampulla to the uterine cavity.

Blood Supply: The fallopian tubes receive their blood supply primarily from branches of the uterine artery and ovarian artery. Lymphatic vessels also drain excess fluids and metabolic waste products from the tubes.

Hormonal Influence: The fallopian tubes are influenced by hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. The production and release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries affect the tube’s muscular contractions and the composition of its secretions, optimizing conditions for fertilization and facilitating embryo transport.