Extinction (Operant Extinction)

Definition:

In operant conditioning, extinction refers to the process of eliminating a previously learned behavior by withholding the reinforcement that previously maintained the behavior.

Explanation:

Operant extinction is based on the principle that behaviors that are no longer reinforced or rewarded tend to decrease in frequency and eventually cease to occur. Through extinction, an individual learns that a previously reinforced behavior no longer leads to the desired outcome, which weakens the association between the behavior and reinforcement.

Example:

For example, suppose a dog has been trained to sit on command and is consistently rewarded with a treat each time it sits. If the owner suddenly stops providing treats after the dog sits, the behavior of sitting may gradually diminish and eventually disappear. This is because the dog learns that sitting no longer leads to a reward.

Importance:

Extinction is a crucial aspect of operant conditioning as it allows individuals to unlearn behaviors that are no longer beneficial or desired. It helps in shaping new behaviors by removing the reinforcing consequences associated with undesired behaviors.

Limitations:

While extinction can be effective in eliminating unwanted behaviors, it may initially lead to an increase in the behavior known as an extinction burst. Such bursts may involve an individual engaging in the behavior more frequently, intensely, or in a more diverse manner in an attempt to obtain the previously available reinforcement that has been withheld. Persistence in withholding reinforcement is necessary to successfully extinguish the behavior.