ETA squared (η²) is a statistical measure used to determine the proportion of variance in one variable that can be explained by another variable in a given study or experimental design.

ETA squared is calculated as the ratio of the sum of squares of one variable to the total sum of squares, indicating the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable. It quantifies the proportion of variability in the dependent variable that is attributable to the independent variable.

By interpreting the value of ETA squared, researchers can evaluate the significance and practical importance of the independent variable’s impact on the dependent variable in their study. A larger value of ETA squared suggests a stronger relationship between the variables and a greater degree of influence that the independent variable has on the dependent variable. Conversely, a smaller value indicates a weaker relationship and less influence.