Epilepsy

Definition: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. It is caused by abnormal brain activity and can affect people of all ages.

Causes

Epilepsy can have various causes, such as:

• Brain injury due to trauma
• Genetic factors
• Brain tumors
• Stroke
• Infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis
• Developmental disorders
• Abnormal brain development during gestation
• Drug and alcohol abuse

Symptoms

The main symptom of epilepsy is recurrent seizures. However, seizures can manifest in different ways, including:

• Loss of consciousness or awareness
• Uncontrolled jerking movements of the arms and legs
• Temporary confusion
• Staring spells
• Psychic symptoms, such as fear, anxiety, or déjà vu

Treatment

While there is no cure for epilepsy, it can be managed with various treatment options, including:

• Antiepileptic medications
• Vagus nerve stimulation
• Ketogenic diet
• Epilepsy surgery

The most suitable treatment depends on the individual’s condition and the type of seizures they experience.