Epidemic Chorea

Definition:

Epidemic Chorea, also known as Sydenham’s chorea, is a neurological disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary, and irregular movements of the limbs, face, and trunk. It typically occurs as a complication of streptococcal infection, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). This condition is most commonly seen in children and adolescents, and although it is relatively rare, it is considered the most common form of acquired chorea in childhood.

Symptoms:

The hallmark symptom of Epidemic Chorea is chorea, which manifests as purposeless, jerky, and uncontrollable movements that primarily affect the face, hands, and feet. These movements often worsen during periods of stress, emotional excitement, or physical exertion. Other common symptoms include muscle weakness, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and impaired fine motor control.

Causes:

The exact cause of Epidemic Chorea is not fully understood; however, it is believed to be an autoimmune response triggered by a previous streptococcal infection. The bacteria stimulate the immune system, leading to the production of antibodies that mistakenly attack the basal ganglia, a region in the brain responsible for movement control. Genetic factors may also play a role in predisposing individuals to the development of Epidemic Chorea.

Treatment:

Treatment for Epidemic Chorea aims to manage symptoms and control the underlying streptococcal infection, if present. Medications such as antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, or dopamine-depleting agents may be prescribed to reduce involuntary movements and improve motor function. In severe cases, immunomodulatory therapy, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or corticosteroids, may be recommended to suppress the immune response. Physical therapy and supportive measures can also help improve muscle tone, coordination, and overall quality of life for individuals with Epidemic Chorea.