Definition of Endocarditis

Endocarditis is a medical condition that involves inflammation of the endocardium, which is the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves.

Causes

Endocarditis can be caused by:

• Infective endocarditis: This occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged or abnormal areas in the heart.
• Non-infective endocarditis: This type of endocarditis is usually associated with certain medical conditions, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or certain cancers.

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of endocarditis may vary, but commonly include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Joint and muscle aches
• Night sweats

Treatment

The treatment for endocarditis usually involves:

• Antibiotic therapy to eliminate the underlying infection
• Surgery, in severe cases, to repair or replace damaged heart valves
• Rest and supportive care to relieve symptoms and aid in recovery

Prevention

Preventive measures for endocarditis include:

• Taking antibiotics before certain dental or medical procedures
• Maintaining good oral hygiene
• Managing and promptly treating infections
• Adopting healthy habits, such as not smoking and regular exercise