Definition of Endocannabinoids

Endocannabinoids are naturally occurring lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters that are produced within the body. These signaling molecules bind to cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system to regulate various physiological processes.

Types of Endocannabinoids

The two primary types of endocannabinoids identified so far include anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Anandamide is chemically similar to the phytocannabinoid THC found in cannabis plants, while 2-AG is more abundant in the central nervous system.

Functions and Effects

Endocannabinoids play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating various physiological functions such as pain sensation, appetite, mood, immune response, and inflammation. They are involved in synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection, and the overall balance of the body’s systems.

Endocannabinoid Receptors

Cannabinoid receptors, specifically CB1 and CB2 receptors, are present throughout the body. CB1 receptors are mainly found in the central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are primarily located in immune cells, peripheral organs, and tissues. Endocannabinoids bind to these receptors to initiate various cellular responses.

Endocannabinoid System Dysfunction

Imbalances in the endocannabinoid system have been associated with several health conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the endocannabinoid system and its modulation has become a target for developing therapeutic interventions.