Definition of Embolus:

An embolus refers to a detached, abnormal mass or particle that travels through the bloodstream and eventually blocks a blood vessel.
Embolus can be composed of various substances such as blood clot, fat globules, tissue fragments, air bubbles, or a combination of these.

Types of Embolus:

1. Thromboembolus: A blood clot that forms at a different location and then dislodges to block a blood vessel at another site.
2. Cholesterol Embolus: Small cholesterol crystals that break free from a larger cholesterol deposit and obstruct a blood vessel in a distant location.
3. Fat Embolus: Fat particles that escape from the bone marrow into the bloodstream, typically after a severe bone fracture.
4. Gas Embolus: Air or gas bubbles that enter the bloodstream and disrupt the normal flow of blood.
5. Amniotic Fluid Embolus: When amniotic fluid enters the maternal bloodstream during childbirth, causing an abnormal immune reaction and potentially leading to severe complications.

Clinical Significance of Embolus:

The presence of an embolus can have serious health consequences, depending on its size and the affected blood vessel. If a major artery, such as those supplying the heart, brain, lungs, or limbs, becomes blocked, it can lead to severe medical conditions like heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolism, or peripheral artery disease.

Treatment and Prevention:

The treatment of an embolus primarily involves the restoration of normal blood flow through various medical or surgical interventions, such as anticoagulant medications, clot-dissolving drugs, surgical removal of the embolus, or placement of stents to keep the blood vessels open.
Preventive measures like maintaining a healthy lifestyle, staying physically active, avoiding smoking, managing cholesterol levels, and taking prescribed anticoagulant medications can help reduce the risk of embolus formation.