Dystonia

  1. Definition:

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary, sustained muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements or abnormal postures.

  1. Causes:

There are various causes of dystonia, including:

  • Genetic factors
  • Acquired brain injury
  • Neurodegenerative disorders
  • Medications
  • Toxins
  • Metabolic abnormalities
  • Infections
  1. Symptoms:

Symptoms of dystonia may include:

  • Involuntary muscle contractions
  • Tremors or shaking
  • Twisting or repetitive movements
  • Abnormal postures
  • Pain or discomfort
  1. Treatment:

Treatment for dystonia aims to alleviate symptoms and improve function. It may include:

  • Medications to manage muscle contractions
  • Botulinum toxin injections
  • Physical therapy
  • Occupational therapy
  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Surgery (in severe cases)