DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Definition:

DNA, short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is the primary hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. DNA is composed of nucleotides that are arranged in a specific sequence, forming a unique genetic code.

Components of DNA:

• Nucleotides: The building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
• Double helix: The structure of DNA composed of two strands that are wound around each other to form a twisted ladder shape.
• Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotide bases along the DNA strands that provides the instructions for synthesizing proteins and determining the traits and characteristics of an organism.

Functions of DNA:

• Replication: DNA can make copies of itself through a process called replication, allowing the genetic information to be passed on to offspring during cell division.
• Gene expression: DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA molecules, which are involved in protein production and the regulation of gene expression.
• Inheritance: DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next, allowing the transmission of traits and characteristics from parents to offspring.

Importance of DNA:

Understanding DNA is crucial in various fields, including genetics, molecular biology, forensics, and evolutionary studies. It provides insights into the structure, function, and diversity of living organisms and has revolutionized scientific research and medical advancements.