Definition

Delusional Infestation refers to a psychiatric condition characterized by an individual’s unfounded belief that their body or immediate environment is infested by parasites, insects, or other organisms. This condition, also known as delusional parasitosis or Ekbom syndrome, is classified as a delusional disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Symptoms

Common symptoms of delusional infestation include:

  • Physical sensations: Individuals may experience persistent itching, crawling, biting, or stinging sensations on or under their skin.
  • Visible signs: They may exhibit self-inflicted wounds or lesions resulting from repetitive scratching, picking, or attempts to remove the imagined parasites.
  • Delusional beliefs: The affected person truly believes their infestation to be real, despite a lack of medical evidence or substantiating proof.
  • Deterioration of daily functioning: Delusional infestation can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, causing distress, social withdrawal, and impaired occupational or social functioning.

Possible Causes

The exact cause of delusional infestation remains unclear, but several factors may contribute to its development, including:

  • Psychiatric conditions: Mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder may increase the likelihood of experiencing delusional infestation.
  • Neurological abnormalities: Certain brain disorders or dysfunction in neural pathways related to sensory processing could be involved.
  • Environmental factors: Exposure to chemicals, pollutants, or certain medications may trigger or exacerbate symptoms.

Treatment

Treating delusional infestation can be challenging due to the strong conviction of the person regarding their infestation. The primary focus of treatment typically involves:

  • Antipsychotic medications: These drugs, such as pimozide or risperidone, are frequently prescribed to alleviate delusional symptoms. However, their effectiveness may vary.
  • Therapeutic interventions: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and supportive counseling can help individuals challenge their delusional beliefs and develop coping strategies.
  • Collaborative approach: A multidisciplinary treatment team, including psychiatrists, dermatologists, and other specialists, may be involved to address the physical and psychological aspects of the condition.

If you or someone you know is struggling with delusional infestation, it is essential to seek professional help for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.