Cranium

The cranium, also known as the skull, is the bony structure that forms the head and encloses and protects the brain and sensory organs.

The cranium is composed of several bones that are joined together to form a strong, rigid structure. These bones include:

Frontal bone: Forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
Parietal bones: Form the sides and roof of the cranium.
Temporal bones: Form the lower sides and base of the cranium, housing the ears and helping to form the jaw joint.
Occipital bone: Forms the back and base of the cranium.
Ethmoid bone: Located between the eye sockets, it helps form the nasal cavity and supports the frontal bone.
Sphenoid bone: Situated at the base of the skull, it provides structural support and houses the pituitary gland.

The cranium serves several important functions:

Protection: The primary role of the cranium is to safeguard the brain and sensory organs from injury.
Support: The cranium provides structural support to maintain the shape of the head and face.
Attachment: Various muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached to the bones of the cranium, allowing for movement and facial expression.
Sensory functions: The cranium encloses and protects organs such as the eyes, ears, and nose, allowing them to function optimally.