Definition:

Corticosteroids are a class of hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands. They can also be synthetically produced for medical use.

Types of Corticosteroids:

There are two main types of corticosteroids:

• Glucocorticoids: These corticosteroids regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
• Mineralocorticoids: These corticosteroids are responsible for regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body, primarily by affecting the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium.

Medical Uses:

Corticosteroids are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are prescribed to:

• Treat various inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Suppress the immune response in conditions like organ transplant, autoimmune disorders, and allergies.
• Reduce swelling and edema.
• Manage adrenal insufficiency.

Administration:

Corticosteroids can be administered via:

• Oral route (tablets, capsules, or liquid)
• Injection (intramuscular, intravenous, intra-articular, or soft tissue)
• Inhalation (via inhalers or nebulizers)
• Topical application (creams, ointments, lotions, or sprays)

Side Effects:

Although corticosteroids can be highly effective, they may also cause various side effects, including:

• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Weight gain
• Fluid retention
• High blood pressure
• Osteoporosis
• Mood changes
• Insomnia
• Glaucoma
• Diabetes

Conclusion:

Corticosteroids are important hormonal medications that have a wide range of therapeutic applications due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite the potential side effects, when used appropriately under medical guidance, they can provide significant relief for many patients.