Definition:

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after the release of an egg during ovulation. It plays a vital role in the reproductive system of female mammals.

Formation:

After the ovum is released, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. This transformation is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Anatomy:

The corpus luteum is a yellowish mass composed of granulosa and theca cells. It contains a central cavity filled with blood and is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue.

Function:

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesterone, a hormone essential for preparing the uterine lining for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. It also produces small amounts of estrogen.

Lifespan:

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate and transform into a scar tissue called the corpus albicans. Its lifespan is typically around 10-14 days.

Impact on Menstrual Cycle:

If fertilization occurs, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) released by the developing embryo signals the corpus luteum to persist and continue producing progesterone. This hormone sustains pregnancy and inhibits the release of hormones that trigger further ovulation.

Role in Assisted Reproductive Technology:

In reproductive treatments, the corpus luteum function can be supported and supplemented through hormone medications such as progesterone supplements and human chorionic gonadotropin injections.